1. Start with the Denial and the 30-Day Review Deadline
Start with what the judge decided, when the decision was filed, and which findings need to be challenged.
Check the Deadline before Reworking the Evidence
Workers' Compensation Law §23 generally gives a party 30 days after notice of filing of a judge's decision to seek Board review. A represented appellant must use the current Form RB-89.
- Confirm the filing date on the decision.
- Identify each finding being challenged.
- Check the current RB-89 filing and service requirements.
Match the Appeal to the Reason for Denial
Match the appeal to the issue the judge decided. Medical causation needs a different record than notice, accident facts, or lost earnings.
| Disputed Issue | Records to Review | Review Focus |
|---|---|---|
| Medical causation | Treatment notes, imaging, opinions | Work connection and diagnosis |
| Accident facts | Reports, photos, witness information | When and how injury occurred |
| Lost earnings | Payroll and work-status records | Effect of injury on wages |
A Workers' Compensation review can help separate the disputed findings from issues the decision did not reject.
2. Protect the Claim While Treatment Continues
Early records often matter later. Report the accident, follow medical advice, and save the basic documents.
Report the Injury and Preserve the Facts
Workers' Compensation Law §18 generally requires written notice to the employer within 30 days after an accident, subject to statutory exceptions.
- Give written notice and keep a copy.
- Request any available incident report.
- Photograph the location and visible injuries.
Keep Medical and Wage Records Together
Medical records show treatment and restrictions. Pay records show how the injury affected earnings.
- Keep treatment notes, imaging, and prescriptions.
- Save work-status and restriction documents.
- Track missed shifts and reduced earnings.
For a serious site accident, an Industrial Accident Compensation review may also identify evidence involving equipment or other companies.
3. Do Not Assume a Waiver Ends the Claim
A waiver or workplace form does not automatically erase compensation rights. Timing and approval status matter.
Separate a Workplace Form from a Section 32 Settlement
Workers' Compensation Law §32 generally invalidates an employee waiver of compensation rights except as the statute provides. A §32 settlement after filing requires Board approval.
- Keep the complete document that was signed.
- Check whether it predates or follows the injury.
- Do not treat a workplace form as an approved settlement.
Check for a Separate Third-Party Claim
Workers' Compensation Law §29 allows a worker injured by the negligence or wrong of someone outside the same employ to pursue that third party, subject to statutory rules.
- Identify other companies involved at the site.
- Record who controlled the area or equipment.
- Keep compensation and civil-claim records organized.
An Accident Injury analysis may be relevant when another person or business may share responsibility.
4. Track the Claim Deadline Separately from the Appeal

Medical recovery and legal deadlines do not move together. Waiting can put a filing deadline at risk.
Know Which Deadline Applies
Workers' Compensation Law §28 generally requires an accident claim to be filed within two years, subject to statutory exceptions. That is different from the shorter Board review deadline.
- Record the accident date.
- Confirm whether the compensation claim was filed.
- Treat an adverse decision as a separate deadline event.
Do Not Apply State Deadlines to Every Worker
Separate federal statutes may govern federal employees and certain maritime workers, with different deadlines.
- Confirm the worker's employer and job status.
- Identify the compensation system that governs the injury.
- Apply deadlines from that system before filing.
5. Understand Attorney Fees before Hiring a Lawyer
A compensation claim does not use the same fee structure as an ordinary injury lawsuit.
Workers' Comp Fees Follow Statutory Rules
Under Workers' Compensation Law §24, legal fees in compensation claims are not enforceable unless the Board approves them and applies the statutory fee schedule.
- Ask how the statutory fee schedule applies.
- Ask when the Board will consider a fee request.
- Review the representation terms before signing.
Keep a Third-Party Fee Agreement Separate
A separate civil injury action may use a different fee arrangement and involve separate litigation expenses.
- Ask whether a separate civil claim is being evaluated.
- Clarify how expenses will be handled.
- Get each fee arrangement in writing.
6. Document Possible Retaliation after a Claim
A discharge, reduced schedule, or demotion does not by itself prove retaliation. Timing and communications can matter.
Preserve the Employment Record
Keep documents showing what changed before and after the claim, including the employer's stated reason.
- Save schedules, warnings, and termination notices.
- Record dates of claim-related conversations.
- Keep relevant emails and text messages.
Use the Compensation Protection That Fits
Workers' Compensation Law §120 prohibits specified discrimination tied to claiming benefits, requesting an injury claim form, or participating in a proceeding. Complaints generally have a two-year filing period.
- Identify the adverse employment action.
- Preserve evidence connecting it to the claim.
- Track the separate §120 filing period.
A Workplace Retaliation review may be appropriate when other protected activity is also involved.
7. Frequently Asked Questions
Can I appeal if the carrier says my condition was pre-existing?
Possibly. A prior condition does not by itself decide whether work caused or aggravated a compensable injury. Medical evidence and the decision matter.
What if I missed the 30-day RB-89 deadline?
The Board may consider a late application in the interest of justice, but review is discretionary.
Can I receive benefits while an appeal is pending?
That depends on the award and issues under review. Check the decision before assuming payments will start, stop, or continue.
Can I change attorneys during a workers' compensation case?
Yes. Substitution procedures and any prior attorney fee request should be reviewed when representation changes.
8. Review the Denial before the Record Gets Harder to Fix
A denied claim should be read with the hearing record, medical evidence, accident documents, and filing dates. SJKP's attorneys can assess the appeal and related injury issues. A workplace injury attorney near me can help identify which deadline or evidence problem needs attention first.
02 Sep, 2026

