What are the 12 major negligences?

Looking at your question, you mentioned that an acquaintance caused an accident by running a red light, and the "12 major negligences" you mentioned has a quite different nature from a simple traffic accident.

The 12 major negligences refer to traffic accidents caused by the 12 types of serious negligence stipulated by law.

Unlike a simple contact accident, this refers to accidents where the driver's breach of duty of care is clearly and seriously judged.

Representative examples include running a red light, crossing the center line, exceeding the speed limit by more than 20km/h, and violating the duty to protect pedestrians at crosswalks.

An important point is that 12 major negligence accidents can be subject to criminal punishment regardless of whether the driver has comprehensive auto insurance.

Therefore, accidents are not handled solely through insurance like simple contact accidents, but are serious matters where criminal liability, administrative liability, and civil liability can occur simultaneously.

To summarize, unlike simple traffic accidents, 12 major negligence accidents are types of accidents legally classified as serious negligence, where the driver's liability is assessed much more heavily and can lead to criminal punishment.

For more details, please consult with a traffic accident specialist attorney.