Informations juridiques
How Attorneys Defend Platform Companies in Digital Markets Act Cases
The DMA does not require a finding of market power. A platform designated a gatekeeper under Article 3 — on thresholds of EU turnover or market capitalisation, monthly active users and business users — becomes subject to the obligations in Articles 5, 6 and 7 directly, without any assessment of effects. Non-compliance carries fines of up to ten percent of worldwide turnover, and twenty percent for a repeated infringement. The obligations are specific. Article 6(5) prohibits self-preferencing in ranking, Article 6(7) requires interoperability with hardware and software features, and Article 7 requires interoperability of number-independent messaging services. A gatekeeper must file a compliance report annually and notify intended acquisitions in the sector under Article 14. US enforcement is a separate track with separate tools. A civil investigative demand under the Antitrust Civil Process Act or the FTC Act requires documents, answers or testimony in an investigation that must still prove market power and anticompetitive effect, and material produced to the Commission can later be sought by EU authorities, so the sequencing of the two matters.
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Convertible Debt Agreement Attorney Guide to Conversion Rights and Investor Protections
A convertible debt agreement is a financing instrument that allows an investor to lend money to a company with the option to convert that loan into equity ownership at a future date or upon specified triggering events. Convertible debt occupies a hybrid position between traditional debt and equity, creating distinct rights and risks that differ materially from either instrument alone. The agreement's terms govern conversion mechanics, interest rates, maturity dates, and investor protections, and any ambiguity or omission in these provisions can affect your remedies if the company defaults or disputes conversion eligibility. This article covers the structural mechanics of convertible debt, key investor protections and risks, conversion triggers and valuation methods, and practical considerations when evaluating or documenting such an arrangement.
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What Happens after Filing an Appellate Case in New York?
An appellate case is a legal proceeding in which a party challenges a lower court's decision by presenting written arguments and, in some cases, oral arguments to a higher court for review of legal errors or procedural defects. The appellate process requires strict compliance with filing deadlines, notice requirements, and formatting rules that vary by court and case type. Failure to meet these procedural requirements can result in dismissal of the appeal, loss of the right to challenge the lower court judgment, or waiver of specific legal arguments. This article covers the core procedural steps, timing risks, evidence standards on appeal, and considerations petitioners should evaluate when deciding whether to pursue an appellate case.
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How Long Do Federal Prosecutors Have to Charge You with Bribery?
The five-year period under 18 U.S.C. § 3282 is the baseline. What extends it in practice is narrower than most people assume — and one commonly cited theory does not exist at all. Concealment does not toll a federal criminal limitations period. That is a civil doctrine. Hiding conduct does not stop the clock in a criminal case, and a defense that the period has run is not defeated by evidence that the conduct was covered up. What does extend it:Flight to avoid prosecution suspends the period under § 3290 — but it requires intent to avoid prosecution, not mere absence from the district.A request for evidence located abroad can suspend the period for up to three years under § 3292. In cross-border bribery matters, this is the provision that most often matters, and it operates on the government's application rather than by agreement.Where bribery is charged as part of a conspiracy, the period runs from the last overt act, not from the payment. That single framing choice can move the effective deadline by years. Which is why the charge matters more than the conduct. The same facts pleaded as a substantive bribery count and as a conspiracy produce different limitations analyses.
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How Can a Federal Law Lawyer Help with Construction Defects?
Construction defects involving federal law require specialized counsel because liability, insurance recovery, and remedial obligations often intersect with federal statutes, interstate commerce rules, and multi-jurisdictional compliance frameworks that landlords must navigate to protect their property interests and enforce contractual remedies. As a landlord, your exposure to construction defects extends beyond state contract law. Federal regulations governing building materials, environmental compliance, and workplace safety can create parallel liability tracks that complicate cost recovery and remediation timelines. Understanding which defects trigger federal oversight and when federal claims strengthen your negotiating position with contractors and insurers shapes whether you recover full remedial costs or face cost-sharing disputes. The defect itself may be localized, but the legal framework governing your right to repair and recover damages often reaches into federal regulatory territory.
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How Workers' Compensation Agreements Protect Your Rights in New York
A workers' compensation agreement establishes the legal framework that determines what benefits you receive when injured on the job and how disputes over those benefits are resolved. In New York, workers' compensation is a no-fault system, meaning you do not need to prove your employer was negligent to receive benefits. The agreement between you and your employer, governed by the New York Workers' Compensation Law, outlines the scope of covered injuries, benefit amounts, and the procedures for filing and appealing claims. Understanding this agreement is critical because it defines your access to medical treatment, wage replacement, and vocational rehabilitation before any dispute reaches a hearing.
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